aristocracy: [16] Greek áristos meant ‘best’; hence aristocracy signifies, etymologically, ‘rule by the best’ (the suffix -cracy derives ultimately from Greek krátos ‘strength, power’, a relative of English hard). The term aristokratíā was used by Aristotle and Plato in their political writings, denoting ‘government of a state by those best fitted for the task’, and English writers perpetuated the usage when the word was borrowed from French aristocratie: Thomas Hobbes, for instance, wrote ‘Aristocracy is that, wherein the highest magistrate is chosen out of those that have had the best education’, Art of Rhetoric 1679.
But from the first the term was also used in English for ‘rule by a privileged class’, and by the mid 17th century this had begun to pass into ‘the privileged class’ itself, ‘the nobility’. The derived aristocrat appeared at the end of the 18th century; it was a direct borrowing of French aristocrate, a coinage inspired by the French Revolution. => hard
aristocracy (n.)
1560s, from Middle French aristocracie (Modern French aristocratie), from Late Latin aristocratia, from Greek aristokratia "government or rule of the best," from aristos "best" (originally "most fitting," from PIE *ar-isto-, superlative form of *ar- "to fit together;" see arm (n.1)) + kratos "rule, power" (see -cracy).
At first in a literal sense of "government by those who are the best citizens;" meaning "rule by a privileged class" (best-born or best-favored by fortune) is from 1570s and became paramount 17c. Hence, the meaning "patrician order" (1650s). In early use contrasted with monarchy; after French and American revolutions, with democracy.
雙語例句
1. members of the aristocracy
貴族成員
來自《權(quán)威詞典》
2. A century ago the aristocracy were truly lords of the earth.
一個(gè)世紀(jì)之前，貴族階層是絕對(duì)的統(tǒng)治者。
來自辭典例句
3. The highest - ranking members of the Spanish aristocracy are the grandees.
西班牙貴族中爵位最高的成員乃是大公.
來自辭典例句
4. Many members of the aristocracy were guillotined in France during the Revolution.
大革命時(shí)期法國(guó)許多貴族被送上斷頭臺(tái).
來自辭典例句
5. The trader and catcher may yet be a - mong our aristocracy.