collective是什么意思

collective

英 [k?'lekt?v] 美 [k?'l?kt?v]

collective (adj.): early 15c., from Middle French collectif, from Latin collectivus, from collectus (see collect). As a noun, short for collective farm (in the USSR) it dates from 1925. collective farm first attested 1919 in translations of Lenin. Collective bargaining coined 1891 by Beatrice Webb; defined in U.S. 1935 by the Wagner Act. Collective noun is recorded from 1510s; collective security first attested 1934 in speech by Winston Churchill.

1. They have been galvanised into collective action — militarily, politically and economically.: 他們在形勢驅使下已經在政治、經濟和軍事上采取了聯合行動。

2. The country's politicians are already heaving a collective sigh of relief.: 該國的政界人士均已松了口氣。

3. Social science is a collective name, covering a series of individual sciences.: 社會科學是一個統稱，涵蓋一系列的獨立學科。

4. She dismisses the reform process as an exercise in collective navel gazing.: 她對這場改革嗤之以鼻，認為只是無實際行動的集體空想而已。

5. Bruce Springsteen has re-hired his muso collective, the E Street Band.: 布魯斯·斯普林斯汀重新組建了他的音樂團隊，E街樂隊。